{
    "id": 10210,
    "date": "2026-09-22T12:42:53",
    "date_gmt": "2026-09-22T12:42:53",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wiki-archiv\/endivie-cichorium-endivia\/"
    },
    "modified": "2026-09-22T12:42:53",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-09-22T12:42:53",
    "slug": "endivie-cichorium-endivia",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "page",
    "link": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wiki-archiv\/endivie-cichorium-endivia\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Endive (Cichorium endivia)"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<div style=\"position:relative;width:100%;min-height:340px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2c3e6b,#4a5fa5,#7d8fd1);border-radius:12px;margin:0 0 24px 0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:40px;\">\n<h1 style=\"color:#ffffff;margin:0;text-align:center;\">Endive (Cichorium endivia)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"eh-arch\">\n<div class=\"ea-steck\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Botanical name<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Cichorium endivia<small>Asteraceae (daisy family), related to chicory and radicchio<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">is used<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">The leaves<small>raw as a salad, briefly steamed or with warm potatoes<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">The taste<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Herbaceous and slightly bitter<small>The yellow heart is the mildest<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Origin<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Mediterranean region<small>already known in antiquity<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Known for<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Folate and Vitamin K<small>two forms: Fris\u00e9e and Escarole<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">season<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">August to December<small>the classic autumn and winter salad<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-body\">\n<nav class=\"ea-nav\">\n<div class=\"t\">On this page<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#herkunft\">Origin<\/a><a href=\"#nutzen\">To use<\/a><a href=\"#inhalt\">Ingredients<\/a><a href=\"#kombi\">Reinforced combinations &amp; what clashes<\/a><a href=\"#gerichte\">In the kitchen<\/a><a href=\"#hausmittel\">As a home remedy<\/a><a href=\"#tradition\">Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/a><a href=\"#warn\">Warning notices<\/a><a href=\"#passend\">Related to the topic<\/a><a href=\"#quellen\">Sources<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"box\"><b>In short<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Endive is the robust salad of the colder months: it tolerates light frost, stays fresh longer than lettuce, and brings a pleasantly bitter note to the plate. It comes in smooth-leaved varieties, such as escarole, and curly-leaved varieties, such as fris\u00e9e. Nutritionally, it&#039;s a bit of a surprise \u2013 100g provides almost half the daily requirement of folate and several times that amount of vitamin K. In the Rhineland, it&#039;s most often eaten with warm potatoes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<div>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"herkunft\">\n<h2><span>Origin<\/span>The winter salad of the cottage gardens<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eh-kraeuter-img\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/endivie-cichorium-endivia.jpg\" alt=\"Krause Endivie (Fris\u00e9e) auf einem Holzbrett\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:14px;border:2px solid rgba(201,162,75,0.4);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(23,58,36,0.15);\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-satz\">Endive is one of the oldest salad plants in Europe - the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans already ate its bitter leaves.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">Endive likely originated in the eastern Mediterranean and is closely related to chicory. It spread to Central Europe via monastery gardens and became the most important salad green during the autumn and winter months, before greenhouse-grown lettuce was available.<\/p>\n<p>Today, two forms are distinguished: The <em>Escariol<\/em>\u2013 or escarole endive (var. <em>latifolium<\/em>It has broad, smooth leaves and a firm heart, which <em>Fris\u00e9e<\/em> (var. <em>crispum<\/em>) finely split, curly leaves. Breeding has also significantly reduced the bitterness of endive \u2013 older varieties can still be found at farmers&#039; markets and community-supported agriculture (CSA) farms.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"nutzen\">\n<h2><span>To use<\/span>What endive does for you<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">According to the USDA, 100g of endive provides only about 17 kcal, but around 140 \u00b5g of vitamin D. <strong>Folate<\/strong> - just under half of the German Nutrition Society&#039;s (DGE) reference value of 300 \u00b5g for adults. The body needs folate for cell division and blood formation; the requirement is particularly high during pregnancy. In addition, there are approximately 230 \u00b5g. <strong>Vitamin K<\/strong>, about 3g of fiber, approximately 310mg of potassium, 50mg of calcium and plenty of beta-carotene.<\/p>\n<p>The bitter note comes from <strong>bitter substances<\/strong> such as lactucopicrin and phenolic acids. In addition, there are... <strong>Flavonoids<\/strong>Studies show that endive - unlike green lettuce - contains primarily kaempferol glycosides, with the outer, green leaves having significantly more of them than the light-colored heart.<\/p>\n<p>The realistic benefit of endive lies in its <strong>Nutrient density<\/strong>It brings plenty of green, low-calorie flavor to the table in winter, and according to the German Federal Centre for Nutrition (BZfE), bitter flavors keep you feeling full longer. Important to know: People taking vitamin K antagonist blood thinners (such as phenprocoumon) don&#039;t need to avoid endive, but should eat it in regular amounts and not suddenly consume large quantities.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-zahlen\">\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>approx. 140 \u00b5g<\/b><span>Folate per 100 g<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>approx. 230 \u00b5g<\/b><span>Vitamin K per 100 g<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>approx. 17 kcal<\/b><span>per 100 g<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>approx. 1,300 \u00b5g<\/b><span>Beta-carotene per 100 g<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"inhalt\">\n<h2><span>Ingredients<\/span>This is what&#039;s in the endive<\/h2>\n<p>Endive contains bitter substances from the group of sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin, lactucopicrin), phenolic acids such as chicory acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, flavonoids mainly as kaempferol glycosides, carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein), folate, vitamin K, vitamin C, potassium, calcium and dietary fiber including small amounts of inulin.<\/p>\n<p>The darker, outer leaves are more nutrient-rich and bitter, while the yellow heart is more tender and milder. Folate is sensitive to heat and light \u2013 endive provides the most when eaten raw and fresh.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"kombi\">\n<h2><span>Enhanced combinations<\/span>What makes endive stronger<\/h2>\n<p>Endive needs warmth, acidity and a little fat - then it turns bitter into simply spicy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">potatoes<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>warm boiled potatoes<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The Rhineland classic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Fat<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>rapeseed or olive oil<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Makes beta-carotene and vitamin K available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">sweetness<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>apple or pear<\/i><\/div>\n<p>It balances out the bitterness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Onion<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>shallots<\/i><\/div>\n<p>A flavorful base for the dressing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">nuts<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>Walnuts &amp; hazelnuts<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Omega-3 and bite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">eggs<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>poached egg<\/i><\/div>\n<p>French as Fris\u00e9e salad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ea-beisst-h\"><span>What contradicts itself<\/span>It&#039;s best to avoid these combinations.<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi beisst\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Water<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>prolonged exposure to cold water<\/i><\/div>\n<p>A quick wash in lukewarm water is sufficient.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Turn on<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>long before<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Fris\u00e9e wilts quickly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Cook<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>cook for a long time<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Folate is lost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Blood thinners<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>irregularly in large quantities<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Consume vitamin K regularly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">storage<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>besides apples<\/i> store<\/div>\n<p>Ethylene causes the leaves to wilt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">allergy<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not at <i>Asteraceae allergy<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Cross-reactions are possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"gerichte\">\n<h2><span>In the kitchen<\/span>Where she belongs<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ea-gerichte\">\n<li><span class=\"g\">Endive salad<\/span><span class=\"w\">With warm potatoes and bacon or smoked tofu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Endives among themselves<\/span><span class=\"w\">Rhineland style with mashed potatoes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Fris\u00e9e aux lardons<\/span><span class=\"w\">French with a poached egg.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Winter salad<\/span><span class=\"w\">With lamb&#039;s lettuce, apple and walnuts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Escarole, steamed<\/span><span class=\"w\">With garlic and olive oil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Endive soup<\/span><span class=\"w\">With potatoes and broth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Endive with pear<\/span><span class=\"w\">And blue cheese.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Pizza scarola<\/span><span class=\"w\">Neapolitan style with olives and capers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Lentil salad<\/span><span class=\"w\">With fris\u00e9e lettuce and mustard dressing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Salad with oranges<\/span><span class=\"w\">And red onions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ea-tipp\"><b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> Cut the endive into thin strips and briefly wash it in lukewarm water \u2013 this reduces the bitterness without wilting the leaves. Toss in the dressing just before serving.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"hausmittel\">\n<h2><span>As a home remedy<\/span>Endives among themselves - the Rhineland winter salad<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-rezept\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Here&#039;s how it works<\/div>\n<h3>Endives among themselves<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Boil 500g of floury potatoes, peel and roughly mash them, stir in some warm vegetable broth.<\/li>\n<li>Cut half an endive into fine strips, wash briefly in lukewarm water and drain well.<\/li>\n<li>Mix together 2 tablespoons of rapeseed oil, 1 tablespoon of vinegar, a finely chopped shallot, salt and pepper to make a dressing.<\/li>\n<li>Gently fold the endive and dressing into the still-warm potatoes and eat immediately.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">For what<\/div>\n<p>A nutrient-rich winter meal when fresh greens are scarce. The warm potatoes reduce the bitterness, the oil makes beta-carotene and vitamin K more bioavailable, and one serving provides a large portion of the daily requirement of folate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"k\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">Crowd<\/div>\n<p>As a main course for 2 people. Those taking vitamin K antagonists should eat endive regularly in similar quantities rather than only occasionally in large portions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"tradition\">\n<h2><span>Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/span>What the old systems say<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-trad\">\n<div>\n<h3>Ayurveda<\/h3>\n<p>Endive is not specifically described in classical Ayurveda. According to current understanding, it is considered, like other bitter leafy greens, to be cooling and light \u2013 balancing Pitta and Kapha; for Vata, it is better eaten warm with potatoes and oil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/h3>\n<p>Endive plays no role in classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In Western TCM dietary theory, it is considered bitter and cooling: it is said to clear heat, support the liver and gallbladder, and eliminate dampness. For coldness in the body, it is best eaten lukewarm or steamed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"warn\">\n<h2><span>Warning notices<\/span>When you should be careful<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-warn\">\n<h3>Please note<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blood thinners:<\/strong> Those taking vitamin K antagonists such as phenprocoumon or warfarin should not avoid endive, but should eat it as regularly as possible and discuss any major changes with their doctor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Allergy:<\/strong> Endive is a member of the daisy family - cross-reactions are possible in case of allergy to mugwort, chamomile or chicory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bile:<\/strong> Bitter substances stimulate bile flow; if you have gallstones, eat in normal quantities and have any symptoms checked out.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hygiene:<\/strong> The curly fris\u00e9e leaves hold onto soil and sand - wash thoroughly but briefly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nitrate:<\/strong> Winter salads from greenhouses can contain more nitrate - prefer field-grown produce and variety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">This page provides information and does not replace medical advice. If symptoms persist, please consult a doctor.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"passend\">\n<h2><span>Related to the topic<\/span>Read on and cook along!<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-passend\"><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/chicoree-cichorium-intybus-foliosum\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Chicory<\/span><span class=\"d\">The bleached relative.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/radicchio-cichorium-intybus-rubifolium\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Radicchio<\/span><span class=\"d\">Red chicory.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/kartoffel-solanum-tuberosum\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Potato<\/span><span class=\"d\">For the warm endive salad.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/feldsalat-valerianella-locusta\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Lamb&#039;s lettuce<\/span><span class=\"d\">The second winter salad.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/schalotte-allium-ascalonicum\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">shallot<\/span><span class=\"d\">For dressing.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/walnuss-juglans-regia\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">walnut<\/span><span class=\"d\">For bite and Omega-3.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">Shop links lead to our product pages; it is indicated there if a partner is involved.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k ea-quellen\" id=\"quellen\">\n<h2><span>Sources<\/span>What is this based on?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>USDA FoodData Central: <em>Endive, raw<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>DuPont MS, Mondin Z, Williamson G, Price KR. <em>Effect of variety, processing, and storage on the flavonoid glycoside content and composition of lettuce and endive.<\/em> Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000; 48(9): 3957\u20133964.<\/li>\n<li>Violi F, Lip GY, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. <em>Interaction between dietary vitamin K intake and anticoagulation by vitamin K antagonists: is it really true? A systematic review.<\/em> Medicine 2016; 95(10): e2895.<\/li>\n<li>German Nutrition Society (DGE): <em>Reference values for nutrient intake - folate.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Federal Centre for Nutrition (BZfE): <em>Put more bitter foods on your plate.<\/em> Press release.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "excerpt": {
        "rendered": "<p>Endivie (Cichorium endivia) Botanischer Name Cichorium endiviaKorbbl\u00fctler (Asteraceae), verwandt mit Chicor\u00e9e und Radicchio Verwendet wird Die Bl\u00e4tterroh als Salat, kurz ged\u00fcnstet oder mit warmen Kartoffeln Geschmack Herb und leicht bitterdas gelbe Herz ist am mildesten Herkunft Mittelmeerraumschon in der Antike bekannt Bekannt f\u00fcr Folat und Vitamin Kzwei Formen: Fris\u00e9e und Escariol Saison August bis Dezemberder<\/p>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "author": 1,
    "featured_media": 10209,
    "parent": 5278,
    "menu_order": 0,
    "comment_status": "closed",
    "ping_status": "closed",
    "template": "",
    "meta": {
        "footnotes": ""
    },
    "class_list": [
        "post-10210",
        "page",
        "type-page",
        "status-publish",
        "has-post-thumbnail",
        "hentry"
    ],
    "_links": {
        "self": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10210",
                "targetHints": {
                    "allow": [
                        "GET"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        "collection": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"
            }
        ],
        "about": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"
            }
        ],
        "author": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"
            }
        ],
        "replies": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10210"
            }
        ],
        "version-history": [
            {
                "count": 0,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10210\/revisions"
            }
        ],
        "up": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5278"
            }
        ],
        "wp:featuredmedia": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10209"
            }
        ],
        "wp:attachment": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10210"
            }
        ],
        "curies": [
            {
                "name": "wp",
                "href": "https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}",
                "templated": true
            }
        ]
    }
}