{
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    "date": "2025-12-05T23:44:51",
    "date_gmt": "2025-12-05T23:44:51",
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    "modified": "2026-09-17T20:07:50",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-09-17T20:07:50",
    "slug": "weissdorn-crataegus-monogyna-2",
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    "link": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wiki-archiv\/weissdorn-crataegus-monogyna-2\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<style>.awb-menu__main-li{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(85,136,59,0.18);padding:5px 0;margin:0;}.awb-menu__main-li:last-child{border-bottom:none;}li.wiki-cat-heading{border-bottom:none;margin-top:22px;padding-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading:first-child{margin-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading > a.awb-menu__main-a{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;font-weight:700;color:#55883b;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.72rem;letter-spacing:0.06em;padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid #c1e899;display:inline-block;}<\/style>\n<div style=\"position:relative;width:100%;min-height:60vh;height:560px;max-height:70vh;background-image:url('https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/weissdorn-hero4k-scaled.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 -1px 0;\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:45%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20,15,5,0.40) 0%, rgba(20,15,5,0) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:60%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(252,250,246,0) 0%, rgba(252,250,246,0.55) 55%, rgba(252,250,246,1) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:14%;left:0;right:0;padding:0 6%;text-align:left;\">\n<h1 style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:2.6rem;font-weight:600;margin:0;text-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.55);letter-spacing:-0.5px;\">Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"eh-arch\">\n<div class=\"ea-steck\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Family<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Rose family<small>Crataegus monogyna and C. laevigata - both are used<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">is used<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Leaves with flowers<small>The classic drug; the fruits are for cooking, not medicine.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">The taste<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Mild and slightly tart<small>The tea is unremarkable - it&#039;s not a flavorful plant.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Origin<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Europe<small>Hedges, forest edges and field margins, ancient hedge plant<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Recognized for<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Declining cardiac output<small>EMA: well-established use in heart failure, NYHA stage II<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Important<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">It takes time<small>The effect builds up over about six weeks.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-body\">\n<nav class=\"ea-nav\">\n<div class=\"t\">On this page<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#herkunft\">Origin<\/a><a href=\"#nutzen\">To use<\/a><a href=\"#inhalt\">Ingredients<\/a><a href=\"#kombi\">Reinforced combinations &amp; what clashes<\/a><a href=\"#gerichte\">Application<\/a><a href=\"#hausmittel\">As a home remedy<\/a><a href=\"#tradition\">Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/a><a href=\"#warn\">Warning notices<\/a><a href=\"#passend\">Related to the topic<\/a><a href=\"#quellen\">Sources<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"box\"><b>In short<\/b>The most thoroughly researched heart-healthy herb we have \u2013 recognized for declining cardiac function in NYHA class II, very well tolerated, and without significant side effects. It takes about six weeks to take effect. And the most important point: heart problems should be investigated before treating them with a herbal remedy.<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<div>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"herkunft\">\n<h2><span>Origin<\/span>The hedge that strengthens hearts<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eh-kraeuter-img\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/eh-kraeuter-weissdorn.jpg\" alt=\"Wei\u00dfdorn rote Beeren am Zweig\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:14px;border:2px solid rgba(201,162,75,0.4);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(23,58,36,0.15);\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-satz\">Hawthorn hedges have been planted as living fences for centuries \u2013 thorny, dense, impenetrable. The fact that their leaves and blossoms affect the heart was only systematically described in the 19th century.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">Hawthorn is one of the defining hedging plants of Europe: thorny, tough, extremely long-lived \u2013 some specimens reach over five hundred years of age. Two species are used: the common hawthorn (<em>Crataegus monogyna<\/em>) and the midland hawthorn (<em>Crataegus laevigata<\/em>), which cross-pollinate and are considered medicinally equivalent. In May, the white blossoms cover entire hedges \u2013 hence the English name \u201eMayflower\u201c \u2013 followed in autumn by the red fruits, called serviceberries or whitebeams, which are edible but mealy and not very aromatic.<\/p>\n<p>Culturally, hawthorn has long been a threshold plant: it marked boundaries, was considered a fairy tree, and in many regions, cutting it down was believed to bring bad luck. As a hedge plant, it has shaped the European cultural landscape \u2013 in England, thousands of kilometers of hawthorn hedges were planted as part of the enclosure system; these hedges still stand today and provide habitat for countless bird species.<\/p>\n<p>As a heart remedy, it is relatively new. It was used in folk medicine for heart ailments, but systematic investigation only began in the late 19th century, when an Irish physician described its effects on angina pectoris. In the 20th century, it became one of the most frequently prescribed herbal medicines in Germany \u2013 and one of the few medicinal plants for which large, well-conducted clinical studies exist.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"nutzen\">\n<h2><span>To use<\/span>What hawthorn can do for you<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">Hawthorn is listed in the highest category by the European Medicines Agency. <em>well-established use<\/em> - to <strong>Supporting cardiovascular function in cases of declining cardiac performance<\/strong>, corresponding to NYHA class II. Commission E had already assessed him this way in 1994. NYHA II means: symptoms with strenuous physical activity, no symptoms at rest \u2013 climbing stairs becomes short of breath, walking uphill is more strenuous than before.<\/p>\n<p>Several controlled studies have shown that standardized hawthorn extract improves exercise tolerance, maximum performance in stress tests, and subjective symptoms \u2013 shortness of breath and fatigue decrease. Pharmacologically, this is explained by several simultaneous effects: a slight increase in the contractility of the heart muscle, improved blood flow to the coronary arteries, protection against oxygen deficiency, and a prolongation of the refractory period, which protects the heart muscle from arrhythmias. And all this with one <strong>exceptionally good tolerability profile<\/strong> - Unlike digitalis, there is practically no risk of dangerous overdose.<\/p>\n<p>And now for the honest part. The big one. <strong>SPICE study<\/strong> A study involving over 2,600 patients investigated whether hawthorn, when added to modern standard therapy for advanced heart failure, reduces mortality \u2013 and found no difference compared to placebo. This is important to put into perspective: it doesn&#039;t disprove symptom improvement in NYHA class II, but it does show the limits. <strong>Hawthorn improves how you feel, not how long you live.<\/strong>, And it doesn&#039;t replace any of the substances that have been proven to do so. The overarching principle is this: heart problems \u2013 shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, decreased performance, water retention in the legs, palpitations \u2013 should be medically evaluated before even considering a plant. Not because hawthorn is dangerous, but because it could be the underlying cause.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-zahlen\">\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>Well-established use<\/b><span>the highest EMA category - for heart failure stage NYHA II<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>6 weeks<\/b><span>until the effect has built up - not an acute remedy<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>SPICE study<\/b><span>no reduction in mortality - the limit of the plant<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>Very well tolerated<\/b><span>Unlike digitalis, practically no dangerous overdose is possible.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"inhalt\">\n<h2><span>Ingredients<\/span>This is what&#039;s in the leaf and flower<\/h2>\n<p>The active substances are two groups that work together. <strong>oligomeric procyanidins<\/strong> OPCs \u2013 the same class of substances as in grape seed extract \u2013 make up one to three percent and are considered the more important fraction; they are responsible for the vasodilating and heart muscle-protective effects. <strong>Flavonoids<\/strong>, above all <strong>Vitexin<\/strong>, Vitexinrhamnoside and <strong>Hyperoside<\/strong>, are around one to two percent and are used for the standardization of extracts.<\/p>\n<p>Because both groups interact and the effect cannot be attributed to a single substance, the <strong>Total extract of the drug<\/strong>. The studies were conducted using standardized dry extracts, usually in daily doses of 160 to 900 milligrams. This is an important point for clinical practice: <strong>Hawthorn tea does not reach these quantities.<\/strong> It is a pleasant, mild drink and traditionally used, but the data concerns the extract.<\/p>\n<p>Be used <strong>Leaves with flowers<\/strong> (<em>Crataegi folium cum flore<\/em>) - this combination has the highest concentration and is the drug listed in the pharmacopoeia. The <strong>fruit<\/strong> They contain fewer flavonoids and more tannins and pectin; they are edible, used to make jellies and liqueurs, and are used medicinally in some countries, but play a minor role here. Harvesting takes place during the flowering period in May, when the blossoms are just open.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"kombi\">\n<h2><span>Enhanced combinations<\/span>What makes hawthorn stronger<\/h2>\n<p>A plant of the long line: It thrives on regularity, sufficient dosage, and being correctly classified.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Clarification<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>Diagnosis first<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The most important step of all: heart problems should be investigated before any plant is used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">dose<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>standardized extract<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The studies involve 160 to 900 mg of dry extract daily - tea does not reach that.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Time<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>six weeks patience<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The effect builds up slowly; nothing can be judged beforehand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Movement<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>moderate endurance training<\/i><\/div>\n<p>For stage II heart failure, guided exercise is one of the most effective measures available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Vessels<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>Garlic &amp; olive oil<\/i><\/div>\n<p>As part of a Mediterranean pattern - that&#039;s where the proven benefit for the heart and blood vessels lies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Annoy<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>Lemon balm &amp; valerian<\/i><\/div>\n<p>This is the traditional combination for nervous heart palpitations without any organic findings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ea-beisst-h\"><span>What contradicts itself<\/span>It&#039;s best to avoid these combinations.<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi beisst\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Self-diagnosis<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>without clarification<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, water retention in the legs or heart palpitations can have serious causes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Substitute<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>instead of prescribed medication<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Hawthorn is a supplement, it does not replace anything - and nobody should stop taking anything because of it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Expectation<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not as <i>acute remedies<\/i><\/div>\n<p>In case of chest pain, sudden shortness of breath or suspected heart attack, calling emergency services is the only correct response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">dose<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>underdosed as tea<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Hawthorn tea is a nice drink, but not the preparation to which the studies refer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">digitalis<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>without consulting Digitalis<\/i><\/div>\n<p>An increased effect of digitalis is possible - consult a doctor if taking it concurrently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Advanced<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not at <i>severe heart failure alone<\/i><\/div>\n<p>From NYHA class III onwards, hawthorn is at best a complementary treatment; the SPICE study showed no survival benefit in this case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"gerichte\">\n<h2><span>Application<\/span>How it is used<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ea-gerichte\">\n<li><span class=\"g\">Standardized dry extract<\/span><span class=\"w\">160 to 900 mg daily - the form to which the studies refer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Hawthorn tea<\/span><span class=\"w\">Two teaspoons of leaves with flowers to 250 ml, covered for ten minutes - mild and traditional.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Hawthorn tincture<\/span><span class=\"w\">Alcoholic extract, administered drop by drop; dosage is more difficult to determine than with a finished product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Cardiovascular tea<\/span><span class=\"w\">With lemon balm and motherwort for nervous palpitations without organic findings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Six-week course<\/span><span class=\"w\">Daily, at the same time - the effect cannot be assessed before then.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Alongside the therapy<\/span><span class=\"w\">Always in addition to medical treatment, never in place of it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Hawthorn jelly<\/span><span class=\"w\">The fruit cooked with apple to make jelly - culinary use, not medicine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Hawthorn liqueur<\/span><span class=\"w\">Preserving fruit in alcohol is also a purely culinary tradition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">hedge plant<\/span><span class=\"w\">One of the most valuable native woody plants for birds and insects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Not in an emergency<\/span><span class=\"w\">For chest pain or sudden shortness of breath: call 112, not tea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ea-tipp\"><b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> First, get it checked out, then take the correct dose, then persevere for six weeks \u2013 in that order. The extract is the form that has been studied, the tea the traditional one. And hawthorn is a supplement: it improves resilience, it doesn&#039;t replace any substance that has been proven to prolong life.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"hausmittel\">\n<h2><span>As a home remedy<\/span>The heart and circulatory system tea<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-rezept\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Here&#039;s how it works<\/div>\n<h3>Hawthorn and lemon balm tea<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Mix two teaspoons of hawthorn leaves with blossoms and one teaspoon of lemon balm leaves.<\/li>\n<li>Pour 250 ml of boiling water over it and let it steep, covered, for ten minutes.<\/li>\n<li>Strain and drink slowly while warm - two to three cups spread throughout the day.<\/li>\n<li>Apply regularly for at least six weeks; it is impossible to assess its effectiveness before then.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">For what<\/div>\n<p>Traditionally used for nervous palpitations, restlessness with cardiac involvement, and a general feeling of reduced resilience. To be honest: the recognized effects of hawthorn apply to standardized extracts, not the tea \u2013 which doesn&#039;t reach the tested doses. What the tea can offer is the traditional, gentle application combined with the calming properties of lemon balm. Those with diagnosed heart failure are talking about the prepared medication, not the tea.<\/p>\n<div class=\"k\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">Crowd<\/div>\n<p>Two to three cups daily for six weeks or longer. <strong>A medical examination is required.<\/strong>Shortness of breath, chest tightness, decreased performance, swollen legs, or heart palpitations should be investigated. Consult your doctor beforehand if you are also taking digitalis. And in an acute case\u2014chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, radiating pain to the arm or jaw\u2014there is only one thing to do: call 112.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"tradition\">\n<h2><span>Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/span>What the old systems say<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-trad\">\n<div>\n<h3>Ayurveda<\/h3>\n<p>European hawthorn is not a classic component of Ayurveda. Based on its properties, it would be classified as sweet, tart, and slightly warming, and associated with the heart. <em>Vata<\/em> and <em>Kapha<\/em> lowering. The Ayurvedic plant with a comparable role is <strong>Arjuna<\/strong> (<em>Terminalia arjuna<\/em>), whose bark is traditionally considered a heart remedy and for which there are also modern studies. Two cultures, two plants, the same idea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/h3>\n<p>In the Chinese Materia Medica, a type of hawthorn is indeed firmly established, albeit with a different focus: <strong>Shan Zha<\/strong>, the fruit of <em>Crataegus pinnatifida<\/em>, It is considered sour, sweet, and slightly warm, and is associated with the spleen, stomach, and liver. It is primarily found there. <em>aids digestion<\/em> It is used for bloating after eating fatty foods and meat, and also to relieve blood congestion. Its application to the heart is a European development.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"warn\">\n<h2><span>Warning notices<\/span>When you should be careful<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-warn\">\n<h3>Please note<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clarification first:<\/strong> Shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, decreased performance, swollen legs or heart palpitations should be examined by a doctor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Not an emergency remedy:<\/strong> In case of chest pain, sudden shortness of breath or pain radiating to the arm and jaw, immediately call emergency services at 112.<\/li>\n<li><strong>No replacement:<\/strong> Hawthorn complements the therapy and does not replace prescribed medications - do not discontinue anything on your own.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digitalis:<\/strong> An increased effect is possible - consult a doctor if taking other medications simultaneously.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Onset of effect:<\/strong> The effect builds up over about six weeks; it cannot be assessed before then.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Limits of evidence:<\/strong> The SPICE study showed no survival benefit in advanced heart failure - hawthorn improves symptoms, but not the prognosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">This page provides information and does not replace medical advice. If symptoms persist, please consult a doctor.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"passend\">\n<h2><span>Related to the topic<\/span>Read on and cook along!<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-passend\"><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/knoblauch-allium-sativum\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Garlic<\/span><span class=\"d\">The second pillar of vascular care.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/ginkgo-ginkgo-biloba\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">ginkgo<\/span><span class=\"d\">For blood circulation - with its own, differentiated data.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/loewenschwanz-leonurus-cardiaca\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Motherwort<\/span><span class=\"d\">The traditional partner for nervous heart palpitations.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/weissdorn-extrakt\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Hawthorn extract<\/span><span class=\"d\">Standardized dosage - the form under investigation.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/coenzym-q10\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Coenzyme Q10<\/span><span class=\"d\">For the energy metabolism of the heart muscle cell.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/omega-3-aus-algenoel\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Omega-3 from algae oil<\/span><span class=\"d\">The plant-based source of heart-related fatty acids.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">Shop links lead to our product pages; it is indicated there if a partner is involved.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k ea-quellen\" id=\"quellen\">\n<h2><span>Sources<\/span>What is this based on?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>EMA\/HMPC: <em>European Union herbal monograph on Crataegus spp., folium cum flore<\/em> - well-established use in cases of declining cardiac performance according to NYHA II.<\/li>\n<li>Commission E: Monograph <em>Crataegi folium cum flore<\/em>, Federal Gazette 1994.<\/li>\n<li>Holubarsch CJF et al. <em>The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial.<\/em> European Journal of Heart Failure 2008; 10(12): 1255\u20131263.<\/li>\n<li>Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E. <em>Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure.<\/em> Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008; CD005312.<\/li>\n<li>Blaschek W (ed.): <em>Wichtl - Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals.<\/em> 6th edition 2016, monograph <em>Crataegi folium cum flore<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>",
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        "rendered": "<p>Wei\u00dfdorn (Crataegus monogyna) Familie Rosengew\u00e4chseCrataegus monogyna und C. laevigata - beide werden verwendet Verwendet wird Bl\u00e4tter mit Bl\u00fctendie klassische Droge; die Fr\u00fcchte sind K\u00fcche, nicht Arznei Geschmack Mild und leicht herbder Tee ist unauff\u00e4llig - das ist keine Geschmackspflanze Herkunft EuropaHecken, Waldr\u00e4nder und Feldraine, uralte Heckenpflanze Anerkannt f\u00fcr Nachlassende HerzleistungEMA: well-established use bei Herzschw\u00e4che Stadium<\/p>",
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