{
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    "date": "2025-12-05T23:51:05",
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    "modified": "2026-09-17T22:45:41",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-09-17T22:45:41",
    "slug": "beinwell-symphytum-officinale",
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    "title": {
        "rendered": "Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<style>.awb-menu__main-li{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(85,136,59,0.18);padding:5px 0;margin:0;}.awb-menu__main-li:last-child{border-bottom:none;}li.wiki-cat-heading{border-bottom:none;margin-top:22px;padding-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading:first-child{margin-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading > a.awb-menu__main-a{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;font-weight:700;color:#55883b;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.72rem;letter-spacing:0.06em;padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid #c1e899;display:inline-block;}<\/style>\n<div style=\"position:relative;width:100%;min-height:60vh;height:560px;max-height:70vh;background-image:url('https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/beinwell-hero4k-scaled.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 -1px 0;\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:45%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20,15,5,0.40) 0%, rgba(20,15,5,0) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:60%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(252,250,246,0) 0%, rgba(252,250,246,0.55) 55%, rgba(252,250,246,1) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:14%;left:0;right:0;padding:0 6%;text-align:left;\">\n<h1 style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:2.6rem;font-weight:600;margin:0;text-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.55);letter-spacing:-0.5px;\">Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"eh-arch\">\n<div class=\"ea-steck\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Family<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Boraginaceae<small>Symphytum officinale - related to borage and lungwort<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">is used<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">root and leaf<small>exclusively external use, in PA-low ready-made preparations<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Only externally<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">internally not<small>Pyrrolizidine alkaloids can damage the liver.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Origin<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Europe and Western Asia<small>in damp meadows, along ditches and stream banks<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Recognized for<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Bruises and sprains<small>EMA: traditional use; there are good studies for ready-made ointments.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Active ingredient<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Allantoin<small>It promotes cell regeneration - hence the name &quot;comfrey&quot;\u201e<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-body\">\n<nav class=\"ea-nav\">\n<div class=\"t\">On this page<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#herkunft\">Origin<\/a><a href=\"#nutzen\">To use<\/a><a href=\"#inhalt\">Ingredients<\/a><a href=\"#kombi\">Reinforced combinations &amp; what clashes<\/a><a href=\"#gerichte\">Application<\/a><a href=\"#hausmittel\">As a home remedy<\/a><a href=\"#tradition\">Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/a><a href=\"#warn\">Warning notices<\/a><a href=\"#passend\">Related to the topic<\/a><a href=\"#quellen\">Sources<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"box\"><b>In short<\/b>One of the most effective plants for blunt injuries \u2013 surprisingly good studies exist for standardized, ready-made ointments used in treating ankle sprains and knee osteoarthritis. However, this should only be done externally and only with preparations low in pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs): taken internally, the PAs can damage the liver.<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<div>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"herkunft\">\n<h2><span>Origin<\/span>The herb that makes legs better again<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eh-kraeuter-img\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/eh-kraeuter-beinwell.jpg\" alt=\"Beinwell bl\u00fchende Pflanze\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:14px;border:2px solid rgba(201,162,75,0.4);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(23,58,36,0.15);\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-satz\">\u201e&quot;Comfrey&quot; roughly translates to &quot;well-being of the legs&quot; - and the second name, wallwort, comes from <em>walls<\/em> In the sense of growing together. Both names describe what it has been used for since the Middle Ages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">Comfrey grows in damp meadows, along ditches, and on the banks of streams and rivers throughout Europe and Western Asia. It reaches a height of up to one meter, has large, rough, hairy leaves, and bell-shaped flowers in violet, pink, or white. The root is almost black on the outside, white on the inside, and exceptionally mucilaginous \u2013 when cut, it feels slimy. Botanically, it belongs to the borage family (Boraginaceae) and is thus related to borage, lungwort, and viper&#039;s bugloss, a chemically significant connection: this family is the classic pyrrolizidine alkaloid family.<\/p>\n<p>Its use in treating bone fractures, sprains, and bruises is ancient and documented throughout Europe. The Latin genus name <em>Symphytum<\/em> comes from Greek <em>symphyein<\/em> - to grow together. In English, it&#039;s called... <em>knitbone<\/em>, in German, comfrey and walrus. The crushed root pulp was applied as a poultice, which hardened upon drying \u2013 a kind of early plaster cast containing the active ingredient.<\/p>\n<p>He has had a second career in agriculture: The <strong>Comfrey<\/strong> (<em>Symphytum \u00d7 uplandicum<\/em>, Comfrey (a hybrid with rough comfrey) is cultivated as green fodder and especially as green manure. Its leaves are exceptionally rich in potassium, and comfrey manure is a standard remedy in organic gardening for tomatoes and heavy feeders \u2013 a more nutrient-rich alternative to nettle manure.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"nutzen\">\n<h2><span>To use<\/span>What comfrey can do for you<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">With comfrey, you have to clearly distinguish between two things, and then it works surprisingly well. <strong>external<\/strong> Its use is not only traditionally recognized, but also clinically investigated for standardized finished products \u2013 and to a greater extent than one would expect from an ointment. There are randomized, placebo-controlled studies on <strong>Ankle sprains<\/strong>, at <strong>acute back pain<\/strong> and at <strong>Knee osteoarthritis<\/strong>, Studies have shown that comfrey ointments significantly reduced pain and restricted movement more effectively than a placebo; in comparative studies, they performed similarly to diclofenac gel. The European Medicines Agency lists external application as a traditional use, and Commission E has given it a positive assessment.<\/p>\n<p>Pharmacologically, this is due to an interplay of factors. <strong>Allantoin<\/strong> It promotes cell regeneration and granulation - therefore it is also added synthetically to many skin care products. <strong>Rosmarinic acid<\/strong> and other phenolic acids have anti-inflammatory effects. <strong>Mucus<\/strong> They retain moisture and make the compress comfortable. And the good fat solubility of some components explains why they penetrate the skin and reach the underlying tissue.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>internal<\/strong> However, its use in this context is a thing of the past, and for good reason. Comfrey contains <strong>Pyrrolizidine alkaloids<\/strong> Comfrey contains the same group of substances as borage and coltsfoot, but in higher concentrations. In the liver, these substances are metabolized into reactive intermediates that can damage the small veins of the liver; severe liver damage has been documented after long-term use. Therefore, comfrey tea, comfrey root for oral administration, or as a dietary supplement should not be kept in the home medicine cabinet \u2013 and in Germany, internal preparations are no longer commercially available.<\/p>\n<p>The same rules apply to external application: <strong>Only for use on intact skin<\/strong>, because PAs are absorbed much better through damaged skin. <strong>Only PA-low or PA-free ready-made preparations<\/strong>, which are declared accordingly - for these, fixed maximum quantities apply. And <strong>limited time<\/strong>: usually no longer than four to six weeks per year. A homemade poultice made from fresh root does not meet any of these conditions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-zahlen\">\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>Only externally<\/b><span>Internal use is obsolete due to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>Like a pain relief gel<\/b><span>In comparative studies, ready-made ointments performed similarly to diclofenac.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>Only intact skin<\/b><span>Alkaloids are absorbed much better through broken skin.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>4\u20136 weeks<\/b><span>Typical maximum duration of use per year<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"inhalt\">\n<h2><span>Ingredients<\/span>This is what&#039;s in comfrey<\/h2>\n<p>The most well-known ingredient is <strong>Allantoin<\/strong>, which can make up to four percent of the root&#039;s composition. It promotes cell division and the formation of granulation tissue and is therefore now produced synthetically and added to many wound care and skincare products. In addition, <strong>Rosmarinic acid<\/strong> and other phenolic acids with anti-inflammatory effects, abundant <strong>Mucus<\/strong> (up to 29 percent in the root), tannins and triterpene saponins.<\/p>\n<p>The problematic faction are the <strong>Pyrrolizidine alkaloids<\/strong> - especially symphytin, echimidin, lycopsamine, and intermedin. Their levels vary considerably: The <strong>root<\/strong> contains significantly more than that <strong>Sheet<\/strong>, Young leaves contain more toxins than old ones, and rough comfrey and fodder comfrey contain more than common comfrey. This very variation is the reason why homemade preparations are problematic: you don&#039;t know what you&#039;re dealing with.<\/p>\n<p>Drug manufacturing solves the problem over <strong>defined maximum quantities<\/strong>For externally applied preparations, there are limits on the amount of PA absorbed, and manufacturers either use PA-low varieties or extraction methods that reduce the alkaloids. This is indicated on the packaging. It is one of the cases where a commercially available preparation is not only more convenient but also significantly safer than a homemade compress.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"kombi\">\n<h2><span>Enhanced combinations<\/span>What makes comfrey stronger<\/h2>\n<p>An effective plant with strict rules - and the rules are the more important part here.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">form<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>PA-low ready-made ointment<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Only this one corresponds to the tested preparations and the safety limits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">time<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">in the <i>Healing phase<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Arnica for the initial inflammation, comfrey afterwards - two phases, two plants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Crowd<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>generous application<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The studies used significantly larger quantities than usual - a thick strip, not a mere wisp.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">frequency<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>several times a day<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Three to four times a day for the first few days after the injury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Association<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">with <i>Ointment dressing overnight<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Apply the ointment thickly and cover loosely - this way it will work for longer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Garden<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">as <i>Comfrey manure<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Potassium-rich green manure for tomatoes and heavy feeders - a completely different use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ea-beisst-h\"><span>What contradicts itself<\/span>It&#039;s best to avoid these combinations.<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi beisst\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Internally<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>take<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Comfrey tea and internal preparations are obsolete because of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">wounds<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not on <i>open or broken skin<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The alkaloids are absorbed much better through broken skin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Own approach<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not as <i>homemade root poultice<\/i><\/div>\n<p>The PA content fluctuates greatly and is unpredictable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Length of time<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not <i>over four to six weeks a year<\/i><\/div>\n<p>There is also a time limit on external aspects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">pregnancy<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not in <i>Pregnancy and breastfeeding<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Avoid external appearances here as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Children<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">not at <i>small children<\/i><\/div>\n<p>Observe the age limits of the respective preparations - usually from three or twelve years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"gerichte\">\n<h2><span>Application<\/span>How it is used<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ea-gerichte\">\n<li><span class=\"g\">Comfrey ointment<\/span><span class=\"w\">PA-low and standardized from the pharmacy - the form examined.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">In case of sprain<\/span><span class=\"w\">Apply a thick layer three to four times daily after the acute phase.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">In case of bruises<\/span><span class=\"w\">Apply to intact skin over the bruise - not to abrasions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">For back pain<\/span><span class=\"w\">Effective in studies for acute nonspecific back pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">For knee osteoarthritis<\/span><span class=\"w\">Several controlled studies show pain relief.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Ointment dressing<\/span><span class=\"w\">Apply thickly and cover loosely - especially effective overnight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">After arnica<\/span><span class=\"w\">Arnica for the initial inflammation, comfrey for the healing phase.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Not internally<\/span><span class=\"w\">No tea, no capsules, no tincture to be taken orally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Comfrey manure<\/span><span class=\"w\">In the garden as potassium-rich green manure for tomatoes and cabbage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">garden perennial<\/span><span class=\"w\">Undemanding on moist soil and an early source of nectar for bumblebees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ea-tipp\"><b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> Use a ready-made ointment from the pharmacy, labeled as low in PA (pyrrolizidine alkaloids), apply thickly several times a day \u2013 the studies used significantly larger amounts than most people. Apply only to intact skin, never to open wounds, and do not ingest. Arnica is the herb for the initial inflammation, comfrey for the subsequent healing phase.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"hausmittel\">\n<h2><span>As a home remedy<\/span>The ointment dressing<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-rezept\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Here&#039;s how it works<\/div>\n<h3>Comfrey ointment for bruises and sprains<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Use a comfrey preparation low in PA (perioral therapy) from the pharmacy \u2013 identifiable by the corresponding information on the packaging. Homemade root poultices are not the better, but rather the riskier option.<\/li>\n<li>The ointment <strong>generous<\/strong> Apply to the intact skin over the affected area - in the studies, a strip approximately one millimeter thick was used, not a thin film.<\/li>\n<li>Cover loosely with a gauze bandage or a cloth to prevent the ointment from being wiped off and allow it to work longer. This is especially practical overnight.<\/li>\n<li>Reapply three to four times daily for the first few days after the injury. Then gradually reduce the frequency depending on the symptoms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">For what<\/div>\n<p>For bruises, strains, sprains, sore muscles, and painful joints\u2014anywhere the skin has remained intact. The data is unusually strong for a herbal remedy: In randomized studies on ankle sprains, acute back pain, and knee osteoarthritis, comfrey ointments performed significantly better than placebo and similarly to diclofenac gel in comparative studies. The order of application is important: Arnica is the herb for the immediate, hot inflammation, while comfrey is for the days that follow.<\/p>\n<div class=\"k\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">Crowd<\/div>\n<p>Three to four times a day for a few days to weeks, for a total of no longer than four to six weeks per year. <strong>Only for use on intact skin<\/strong> Do not apply to abrasions, open wounds, or mucous membranes, as pyrrolizidine alkaloids are absorbed much more readily in these areas. Do not use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, and observe the age limit for children. Severe swelling, misalignment, immobility, persistent pain, or suspected fractures require medical attention \u2013 an ointment is not a substitute for a diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"tradition\">\n<h2><span>Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/span>What the old systems say<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-trad\">\n<div>\n<h3>Ayurveda<\/h3>\n<p>Comfrey is not a classic component of Ayurveda. Based on its properties, it would be classified as sweet, mucilaginous, cooling, and moisturizing. <em>Vata<\/em> and <em>Pitta<\/em> Soothing. This would be well-suited for external application to injuries; the Ayurvedic plant with a comparable role is... <strong>Arjuna<\/strong>-Bark in cases of bone fractures and <strong>Hadjod<\/strong> (<em>Cissus quadrangularis<\/em>), whose name literally means &quot;bone connector&quot;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/h3>\n<p>Comfrey is not listed in the Chinese Materia Medica. Its functional counterpart there is found in the herbs categorized as &quot;uniting bones and healing tendons,&quot; for example. <em>Xu Duan<\/em> (<em>Dipsacus asper<\/em>), whose name also means &quot;to reconnect what is broken&quot;, and <em>Gu Sui Bu<\/em> - &quot;To mend the broken skeleton.&quot; The fact that three independent traditions have almost identical names for their herbs used to heal fractures is one of the more charming details of herbal medicine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"warn\">\n<h2><span>Warning notices<\/span>When you should be careful<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-warn\">\n<h3>Please note<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Not internally:<\/strong> Pyrrolizidine alkaloids can damage the liver - comfrey tea and internal preparations are obsolete.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Only intact skin:<\/strong> The alkaloids are absorbed much better through damaged or open skin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Only PA-low finished products:<\/strong> The PA content of the plant varies greatly - home preparations are unpredictable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Duration of use:<\/strong> also not externally for longer than four to six weeks a year.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pregnancy and breastfeeding:<\/strong> also refrain from outward appearances.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clarification:<\/strong> Severe swelling, misalignment, inability to move, or suspected fracture warrant a visit to the doctor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">This page provides information and does not replace medical advice. If symptoms persist, please consult a doctor.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"passend\">\n<h2><span>Related to the topic<\/span>Read on and cook along!<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-passend\"><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/arnika-arnica-montana\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">arnica<\/span><span class=\"d\">For fresh inflammation - comfrey follows in the healing phase.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/ringelblume-calendula-officinalis-2\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Marigold<\/span><span class=\"d\">The gentle option for skin and minor wounds.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/borretsch-borago-officinalis\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Borage<\/span><span class=\"d\">The same plant family - and the same pyrrolizidine question.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/arganoel\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Argan oil<\/span><span class=\"d\">Rich carrier oil for subsequent skincare.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/jojobaoel\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Jojoba oil<\/span><span class=\"d\">Light carrier oil, absorbs quickly.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/kokosoel-nativ\/\"><span class=\"art\">Our shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">virgin coconut oil<\/span><span class=\"d\">A solid base for homemade skincare products.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">Shop links lead to our product pages; it is indicated there if a partner is involved.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k ea-quellen\" id=\"quellen\">\n<h2><span>Sources<\/span>What is this based on?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>EMA\/HMPC: <em>European Union herbal monograph on Symphytum officinale L., radix<\/em> - traditional use, exclusively external.<\/li>\n<li>Predel HG et al. <em>Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions.<\/em> Phytomedicine 2005; 12(10): 707\u2013714.<\/li>\n<li>Grube B et al. <em>Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of patients with painful osteoarthritis of the knee.<\/em> Phytomedicine 2007; 14(1): 2\u201310.<\/li>\n<li>Federal Institute for Risk Assessment: <em>Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food - updated risk assessment<\/em>, 2020.<\/li>\n<li>Blaschek W (ed.): <em>Wichtl - Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals.<\/em> 6th edition 2016, monograph <em>Symphyti radix<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>",
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        "rendered": "<p>Beinwell (Symphytum officinale) Familie Raublattgew\u00e4chseSymphytum officinale - verwandt mit Borretsch und Lungenkraut Verwendet wird Wurzel und Blattausschlie\u00dflich \u00e4u\u00dferlich, in PA-armen Fertigzubereitungen Nur \u00e4u\u00dferlich Innerlich nichtPyrrolizidinalkaloide k\u00f6nnen die Leber sch\u00e4digen Herkunft Europa und Westasienauf feuchten Wiesen, an Gr\u00e4ben und Bachufern Anerkannt f\u00fcr Prellungen und ZerrungenEMA: traditional use; f\u00fcr Fertigsalben gibt es gute Studien Wirkstoff Allantoinf\u00f6rdert die<\/p>",
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