{
    "id": 5663,
    "date": "2025-12-06T00:05:37",
    "date_gmt": "2025-12-06T00:05:37",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "http:\/\/edenshealth.de\/?page_id=5663"
    },
    "modified": "2026-09-18T09:09:50",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-09-18T09:09:50",
    "slug": "artischocke-cynara-scolymus-2",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "page",
    "link": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wiki-archiv\/artischocke-cynara-scolymus-2\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<style>.awb-menu__main-li{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(85,136,59,0.18);padding:5px 0;margin:0;}.awb-menu__main-li:last-child{border-bottom:none;}li.wiki-cat-heading{border-bottom:none;margin-top:22px;padding-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading:first-child{margin-top:0;}li.wiki-cat-heading > a.awb-menu__main-a{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;font-weight:700;color:#55883b;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.72rem;letter-spacing:0.06em;padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid #c1e899;display:inline-block;}<\/style>\n<div style=\"position:relative;width:100%;min-height:60vh;height:560px;max-height:70vh;background-image:url('https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/artischocke-hero4k-scaled.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 -1px 0;\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:45%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20,15,5,0.40) 0%, rgba(20,15,5,0) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:60%;background:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(252,250,246,0) 0%, rgba(252,250,246,0.55) 55%, rgba(252,250,246,1) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;bottom:14%;left:0;right:0;padding:0 6%;text-align:left;\">\n<h1 style=\"color:#ffffff;font-size:2.6rem;font-weight:600;margin:0;text-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.55);letter-spacing:-0.5px;\">Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"eh-arch\">\n<div class=\"ea-steck\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Botanical name<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Cynara scolymus<small>Asteraceae (daisy family)<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Used part<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">leaves<small>medicinal - not the bud<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Conductive materials<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Cynarin, chlorogenic acid<small>cynaropicrin is also present as a bitter substance.<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">classification<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Well-established use (EMA)<small>in cases of dyspeptic symptoms<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">medicinal plant<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">2003<small><\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Curious<\/div>\n<div class=\"v\">Sweetness<small>Cynarin makes water taste sweet afterwards<\/small><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-body\">\n<nav class=\"ea-nav\">\n<div class=\"t\">On this page<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#herkunft\">Origin<\/a><a href=\"#nutzen\">To use<\/a><a href=\"#inhalt\">Ingredients<\/a><a href=\"#kombi\">Reinforced combinations &amp; what clashes<\/a><a href=\"#gerichte\">To which court<\/a><a href=\"#hausmittel\">As a home remedy<\/a><a href=\"#tradition\">Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/a><a href=\"#warn\">Warning notices<\/a><a href=\"#passend\">Related to the topic<\/a><a href=\"#quellen\">Sources<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"box\"><b>In short<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The artichoke is one of the few plants with <em>well-established use<\/em>-The plant&#039;s status in cases of digestive problems - and one where you have to look very closely at which part is meant. Medicinally, it&#039;s the leaves that count, not the bud we eat. Its bitter substance, cynaropicrin, is so intense that a leaf extract has nothing in common with the vegetable in terms of taste. And it has a sensory trick that hardly any other plant possesses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<div>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"herkunft\">\n<h2><span>Origin<\/span>A thistle that has been cultivated as a vegetable.<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eh-kraeuter-img\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/eh-kraeuter-artischocke.jpg\" alt=\"Frische Artischocken auf Holztisch\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:14px;border:2px solid rgba(201,162,75,0.4);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(23,58,36,0.15);\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-satz\">What we eat is the receptacle of a thistle flower - harvested before it blooms.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\"><em>Cynara scolymus<\/em> is a thistle from the Mediterranean region that grows up to two meters tall, cultivated from the wild cardoon. <em>Cynara cardunculus<\/em>. Both are so closely related that they are now usually considered forms of the same species. In the artichoke, selection focused on large, fleshy flower buds, while in the cardoon, the focus was on fleshy leaf stalks \u2013 two uses, two breeding directions, one parent plant.<\/p>\n<p>What we eat as an artichoke is botanically the receptacle with the fleshy base of the bracts, harvested as a closed bud. If allowed to flower, a large, bright purple flower head opens, one of the most spectacular flowers in the vegetable garden and a magnet for bumblebees. This is a loss for the harvest, but a gain for the garden.<\/p>\n<p>The Romans knew and valued artichokes, but they disappeared from Central Europe after their arrival and only returned via Italy in the 15th century. During the Renaissance, they were considered a delicacy and an aphrodisiac \u2013 Catherine de&#039; Medici is said to have popularized them in France. The medicinal use of the leaves is more recent and became established in the 20th century when cynarin was isolated. The plant has also left its mark on the world of fine beverages: the Italian bitter liqueur Cynar is made from artichoke leaves, and its bitter taste comes precisely from the substances that are the medicinal focus.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"nutzen\">\n<h2><span>To use<\/span>Digestion with good evidence, cholesterol with weak evidence.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ea-drop\">The European Medicines Agency lists artichoke leaf dry extract as <em>well-established use<\/em> For the relief of dyspeptic symptoms - bloating, flatulence, nausea after eating - and additionally under <em>traditional use<\/em> For simpler preparations. Commission E gave it a positive assessment in 1988 for dyspeptic complaints. In 2003, the artichoke was chosen as the medicinal plant of the year.<\/p>\n<p>The mechanism of action is easily understood and has two stages. First, the leaves are a pronounced bitter tonic: cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, is one of the bitterest natural substances known, and bitterness on the tongue reflexively triggers increased production of saliva, gastric juices, and bile. Second, the extract has a choleretic effect\u2014it measurably increases bile production in the liver, which has been directly demonstrated in studies using bile drainage. More bile means better fat digestion, and this is precisely where the symptoms addressed by artichoke come into play: heavy, fatty food that sits in the stomach.<\/p>\n<p>The situation regarding cholesterol is less positive than advertising suggests. A Cochrane review of artichoke leaf extract for elevated cholesterol concluded that while existing studies do show reductions in total cholesterol, they are small, short, and of limited quality, and the evidence is insufficient to support a recommendation. The observed effects were of negligible clinical significance. People with elevated cholesterol levels are not treating them with artichoke extract.<\/p>\n<p>A third, often-advertised use is for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small studies have shown symptom improvement, but these lack a placebo control or have significant methodological flaws. This is insufficient. That leaves one solid use: bloating and indigestion after fatty meals. For this, artichoke is a good, well-tolerated choice \u2013 and in this role, one of the best-documented plants overall.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-zahlen\">\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>up to 2 %<\/b><span>Cynaropicrin - the bitter substance in the leaves<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>0,02 - 0,2 %<\/b><span>Cynarin<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>6 g<\/b><span>Daily dose of leaves according to Commission E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ea-zahl\"><b>300 - 640 mg<\/b><span>Dry extract daily in studies<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"inhalt\">\n<h2><span>Ingredients<\/span>The substance that makes water taste sweet<\/h2>\n<p>The leaves contain three relevant groups of substances. First, caffeic acid derivatives: chlorogenic acid and cynarin, which is chemically a dicaffeoylquinic acid. Second, sesquiterpene lactones, especially cynaropicrin, which is responsible for the extreme bitterness. Third, flavonoids, above all luteolin glycosides. Cynarin was long considered the main active ingredient and is the namesake of many preparations; today, it is assumed that the interplay of these substances is crucial and that cynaropicrin is at least as important through its bittering effect.<\/p>\n<p>Cynarin has a sensory property worth mentioning: it alters taste perception. Someone who eats an artichoke and then drinks water often perceives the water as distinctly sweet. This is because cynarin temporarily blocks or alters the sweet taste receptors; when the effect wears off, the return to normal perception is experienced as sweetness. This is also why wine is considered a difficult pairing with artichokes\u2014the effect makes dry wines taste flat and strangely sweet. Not everyone perceives it to the same degree; there is a genetic component.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to distinguish between the different parts of the plant. The large, very bitter leaves are used medicinally. The vegetable part \u2013 the bud \u2013 contains significantly fewer bitter substances but is rich in fiber, including a lot of inulin, a prebiotic polysaccharide. Inulin is the reason why artichokes cause bloating in some people, even though they are considered a digestive aid \u2013 an apparent contradiction that is resolved as soon as the leaf and bud are separated.<\/p>\n<p>When purchasing artichoke extract, as with most medicinal extracts, the product information should specify the amount of extract and the drug-to-extract ratio. Studies have used dosages of 300 to 640 milligrams of dry extract daily. While artichoke leaf tea is possible, it is so bitter that most people wouldn&#039;t drink it twice \u2013 in this case, a commercially available preparation is the more practical option.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"kombi\">\n<h2><span>Enhanced combinations<\/span>Artichokes at the table and in the pharmacy<\/h2>\n<p>Leaf and bud are two different things. The combinations differ accordingly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">digestion<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke leaf + fatty food<\/div>\n<p>The main application: for bloating after heavy, fatty meals. Ideally, take before or during the meal to ensure bile production starts promptly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">liver<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + Milk thistle<\/div>\n<p>The artichoke works on the gallbladder, the milk thistle on the liver cells. Both are members of the daisy family and are often sold together \u2013 in this case, it actually makes sense.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Bitter substances<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + Dandelion<\/div>\n<p>For the classic bitter herb mixture: both members of the daisy family, both choleretic, both bitter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Kitchen<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + Lemon<\/div>\n<p>Cut artichokes oxidize immediately. Place them in lemon water to keep them light in color.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Kitchen<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + olive oil and garlic<\/div>\n<p>The Roman preparation <em>Carciofi alla Romana<\/em>braised in oil with mint and garlic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Garden<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Let artichoke bloom<\/div>\n<p>Leaving a bud on will reward you with one of the most spectacular flowers in the vegetable garden and a source of nectar for bumblebees.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"ea-beisst-h\"><span>What contradicts itself<\/span>It&#039;s best to avoid these combinations.<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ea-kombi beisst\">\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">bile<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + gallstones or bile duct obstruction<\/div>\n<p>Bile production is increased. This is contraindicated in cases of bile duct obstruction, and only after consulting a doctor if gallstones are present.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">allergy<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + Asteraceae allergy<\/div>\n<p>People who react to mugwort, chamomile, arnica or chrysanthemums may also react to artichoke.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">cholesterol<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + expectation of cholesterol reduction<\/div>\n<p>The evidence is insufficient to support this. People with elevated levels do not treat them with artichoke extract.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Flatulence<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke bud + inulin intolerance<\/div>\n<p>The bud is rich in inulin, which can cause bloating in some people. This does not contradict the digestive properties of the leaf \u2013 they are different parts of the plant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">Wine<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + dry white wine<\/div>\n<p>Cynarin alters taste perception; wine often tastes flat and strangely sweet when taken with it. Water or a very acidic wine are better choices.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c\"><span class=\"tag\">diagnosis<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mit\">Artichoke + persistent upper abdominal discomfort<\/div>\n<p>Persistent pain, yellowing, pale stools or dark urine are reasons for investigation, not for a bitter remedy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"gerichte\">\n<h2><span>To which court<\/span>From bud to bitter liqueur<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"ea-gerichte\">\n<li><span class=\"g\">Carciofi alla Romana<\/span><span class=\"w\">Braised in olive oil with mint, garlic and parsley - the classic Roman preparation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Cooked with dip<\/span><span class=\"w\">Cook whole buds for thirty to forty minutes, pluck off individual leaves and dip them in vinaigrette.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Artichoke hearts<\/span><span class=\"w\">Preserved in oil, served with antipasti, pizza, and salads.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Deep-fried<\/span><span class=\"w\"><em>Carciofi alla giudia<\/em> - the Roman-Jewish specialty: deep-fried until the leaves are crispy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Cardone<\/span><span class=\"w\">The relative with the edible leaf stalks - a winter vegetable in northern Italy and southern France.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Cynar<\/span><span class=\"w\">The Italian bitter liqueur made from artichoke leaves - with soda and an orange slice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Leaf extract<\/span><span class=\"w\">The medicinal form: Capsules containing 300 to 640 mg of dry extract daily.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Leaf tea<\/span><span class=\"w\">Possible, but extremely bitter - most people prefer the ready-made product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">Bitter mixture<\/span><span class=\"w\">With dandelion root and wormwood before the meal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"g\">blossom<\/span><span class=\"w\">Let a bud bloom - violet, huge, full of bumblebees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ea-tipp\"><b>Rule of thumb:<\/b> After eating an artichoke, drink a glass of water and pay attention to the taste. For most people, it will taste distinctly sweet \u2013 that&#039;s cynarin, which temporarily alters the perception of sweetness. Hardly any other plant makes its chemical composition so directly perceptible.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"hausmittel\">\n<h2><span>As a home remedy<\/span>The bitter start before eating<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-rezept\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">Here&#039;s how it works<\/div>\n<h3>Artichoke leaves as an aperitif bitter<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>First of all: Artichokes are not recommended for people with known gallstones or a blockage of the bile ducts \u2013 they increase bile production. They are also not recommended for people with a daisy allergy.<\/li>\n<li>Weigh out 2 g of dried artichoke leaves - about one level teaspoon - per cup.<\/li>\n<li>Pour boiling water over it and let it steep for ten minutes, then strain.<\/li>\n<li>Drink in small sips twenty minutes before meals. The bitter taste is the active ingredient \u2013 sweetening it negates the effectiveness of the product.<\/li>\n<li>The taste is extremely bitter. Those who cannot tolerate it can take a ready-made preparation containing 300 to 640 mg of dry extract daily \u2013 the same plant, not a matter of taste.<\/li>\n<li>Use for two to four weeks and then assess the results. Persistent upper abdominal discomfort, yellowing of the skin or eyes, pale stools, or dark urine should be checked by a doctor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"k\">For what<\/div>\n<p>For dyspeptic symptoms \u2013 bloating, flatulence, nausea after fatty meals. This is the application for which the EMA has approved it. <em>well-established use<\/em> It is recognized. Not for lowering cholesterol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"k\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">Crowd<\/div>\n<p>6 g of leaves daily according to Commission E, divided into two to three portions; for extracts, 300 to 640 mg daily. Do not use in cases of bile duct obstruction; in cases of gallstones, only after consulting a doctor; do not use in cases of allergy to plants of the Asteraceae family.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"tradition\">\n<h2><span>Ayurveda &amp; TCM<\/span>What the old systems say<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-trad\">\n<div>\n<h3>Ayurveda<\/h3>\n<p>The artichoke is a Mediterranean cultivated plant and not part of Ayurveda. However, the principle behind it is a core concept there: <em>tikta rasa<\/em>, The bitter taste is considered to stimulate digestion., <em>Kapha<\/em>- and <em>pitta<\/em>-lowering and liver-related. The corresponding plants are others - <em>Kutki<\/em> and <em>Neem<\/em> Above all \u2013 but the logic is the same: bitterness gets the digestive system going.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/h3>\n<p>The Chinese materia medica also lacks this. <em>Cynara<\/em>. The function that the artichoke fulfills \u2013 stimulating bile flow and supporting the &quot;center&quot; in cases of bloating \u2013 is mirrored in TCM by bitter-cooling herbs such as... <em>Yin Chen Hao<\/em> The artichoke, traditionally used for jaundice and liver ailments, is now also mentioned in modern Chinese sources, though with a Western explanation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"warn\">\n<h2><span>Warning notices<\/span>When you should be careful<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-warn\">\n<h3>Please note<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Not in case of bile duct obstruction:<\/strong> Bile production is increased; this is contraindicated in cases of obstruction. For gallstones, consult a doctor first.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Asteraceae allergy:<\/strong> Cross-reactions with mugwort, chamomile, arnica and chrysanthemums are possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>No cholesterol therapy:<\/strong> The evidence for a significant reduction in cholesterol is insufficient. Elevated levels require different treatment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Distinguish between leaf and bud:<\/strong> The bitter leaves are what are medicinally effective, not the vegetable itself. A plate of artichokes is no substitute for medication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pregnancy and breastfeeding:<\/strong> Data is lacking for medicinal preparations; as a vegetable, the artichoke is unproblematic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Warning signs:<\/strong> Persistent upper abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin, pale stools or dark urine are not a reason to use a bitter remedy, but rather to seek medical advice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">This page provides information and does not replace medical advice. If symptoms persist, please consult a doctor.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k\" id=\"passend\">\n<h2><span>Related to the topic<\/span>Read on and cook along!<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ea-passend\"><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/mariendistel-silybum-marianum-3\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Milk thistle<\/span><span class=\"d\">The partner for the liver cell - the same plant family.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/loewenzahn-taraxacum-officinale-2\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">dandelion<\/span><span class=\"d\">The third member of the daisy family in the liver and gallbladder area.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/wiki-archiv\/wermut-artemisia-absinthium\/\"><span class=\"art\">Archive<\/span><span class=\"n\">Vermouth<\/span><span class=\"d\">When it comes to pure bitterness.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/bitterstoff-tropfen\/\"><span class=\"art\">Shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Bitter drops<\/span><span class=\"d\">The finished solution before the meal.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/mariendistel-extrakt\/\"><span class=\"art\">Shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Milk thistle extract<\/span><span class=\"d\">Standardized, for the liver side.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"\/en\/product\/loewenzahnwurzel-getrocknet\/\"><span class=\"art\">Shop<\/span><span class=\"n\">Dandelion root<\/span><span class=\"d\">For your own bitters mixture.<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"ea-hinw\">Shop links lead to our product pages; it is indicated there if a partner is involved.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ea-k ea-quellen\" id=\"quellen\">\n<h2><span>Sources<\/span>What is this based on?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>European Medicines Agency, HMPC: European Union herbal monograph on <em>Cynara cardunculus<\/em> L. (syn. <em>Cynara scolymus<\/em> L.), folium - well-established and traditional use.<\/li>\n<li>Commission E, Monograph \u201eCynarae folium\u201c, Federal Gazette No. 122 of 06.07.1988.<\/li>\n<li>Wider B. et al.: Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Holtmann G. et al.: Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Study Group on the Developmental History of Medicinal Plant Science, University of W\u00fcrzburg: Medicinal Plant of the Year 2003 - Artichoke.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "excerpt": {
        "rendered": "<p>Artischocke (Cynara scolymus) Botanischer Name Cynara scolymusKorbbl\u00fctler (Asteraceae) Verwendeter Teil Bl\u00e4tterarzneilich - nicht die Knospe Leitstoffe Cynarin, Chlorogens\u00e4uredazu Cynaropikrin als Bitterstoff Einstufung Well-established use (EMA)bei dyspeptischen Beschwerden Arzneipflanze 2003 Kurios S\u00fc\u00dfeffektCynarin l\u00e4sst Wasser danach s\u00fc\u00df schmecken Auf dieser Seite HerkunftNutzenInhaltsstoffeVerst\u00e4rkte Kombis &amp; was sich bei\u00dftZu welchem GerichtAls HausmittelAyurveda &amp; TCMWarnhinweisePassend zum ThemaQuellen Kurz gesagt Die<\/p>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "author": 1,
    "featured_media": 7155,
    "parent": 5278,
    "menu_order": 0,
    "comment_status": "closed",
    "ping_status": "closed",
    "template": "",
    "meta": {
        "footnotes": ""
    },
    "class_list": [
        "post-5663",
        "page",
        "type-page",
        "status-publish",
        "has-post-thumbnail",
        "hentry"
    ],
    "_links": {
        "self": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663",
                "targetHints": {
                    "allow": [
                        "GET"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        "collection": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"
            }
        ],
        "about": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"
            }
        ],
        "author": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"
            }
        ],
        "replies": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5663"
            }
        ],
        "version-history": [
            {
                "count": 9,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663\/revisions"
            }
        ],
        "predecessor-version": [
            {
                "id": 9845,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663\/revisions\/9845"
            }
        ],
        "up": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5278"
            }
        ],
        "wp:featuredmedia": [
            {
                "embeddable": true,
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7155"
            }
        ],
        "wp:attachment": [
            {
                "href": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5663"
            }
        ],
        "curies": [
            {
                "name": "wp",
                "href": "https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}",
                "templated": true
            }
        ]
    }
}