{
    "id": 7315,
    "date": "2026-07-10T14:32:10",
    "date_gmt": "2026-07-10T14:32:10",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "https:\/\/edenshealth.de\/tiergesundheit\/ernaehrungsgrundlagen-hund\/"
    },
    "modified": "2026-09-18T15:15:36",
    "modified_gmt": "2026-09-18T15:15:36",
    "slug": "ernaehrungsgrundlagen-hund",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "page",
    "link": "https:\/\/edenshealth.at\/en\/tiergesundheit\/ernaehrungsgrundlagen-hund\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Nutritional basics for dogs"
    },
    "content": {
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h1{font-size:30px!important}.eh-tier .lede{font-size:16.5px!important}.eh-tier h2{font-size:23px!important}}.eh-empf{border:1px solid #e3e0d6;border-radius:13px;overflow:hidden;margin:6px 0 0;font-family:inherit}.eh-empf .ek{background:#f7fbf2;padding:18px 21px;border-bottom:1px solid #e2ebd8}.eh-empf .ek h3{margin:0 0 3px!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25}.eh-empf .ek p{margin:0!important;font-size:13.8px;color:#6f6f68}.eh-empf .es{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.eh-empf .sp{padding:21px;min-width:0}.eh-empf .sp+.sp{border-left:1px solid #e3e0d6}.eh-empf .kz{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin-bottom:3px}.eh-empf .nr{font-size:20px;color:#7a6520;line-height:1;font-weight:600}.eh-empf .sp h4{margin:0!important;font-size:15.5px!important;font-weight:600}.eh-empf .erkl{font-size:13px;color:#6f6f68;margin:0 0 13px!important;line-height:1.55}.eh-empf .it{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid 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i{background:#b5b5aa}.eh-empf .frei{background:#fbfaf5;border-top:1px solid #e3e0d6;padding:18px 21px;display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:flex-start}.eh-empf .frei .ik{flex:0 0 26px;color:#7a6520;padding-top:2px}.eh-empf .frei h4{margin:0 0 3px!important;font-size:14.8px!important;font-weight:600}.eh-empf .frei p{margin:0!important;font-size:13.8px;color:#6f6f68;line-height:1.62}.eh-werbe{font-size:11.8px;color:#8b8b82;margin:12px 0 0!important;line-height:1.55}.eh-werbe b{color:#6f6f68}@media(max-width:700px){.eh-empf .es{grid-template-columns:1fr}.eh-empf .sp+.sp{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e0d6}}.eh-empf .kz>p,.eh-empf .frei>p{display:none!important}.eh-tier .arten>p,.eh-tier .tk>p:not([class]),.eh-tier .kurz>p:not([class]),.eh-tier .vet>p,.eh-tier .pf .ob>p,.eh-tier .gift div>p{display:none!important}<\/style>\n<div class=\"tk\"><a class=\"zur\" href=\"\/en\/tiergesundheit\/\">\u2190 Back to Animal Health Overview<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"art\">Animal health \u00b7 Nutrition<\/p>\n<h1>Nutritional basics for dogs<\/h1>\n<p class=\"lede\">A dog isn&#039;t a wolf in the living room \u2013 domestication has also changed its digestion. What it really needs, what the label should say, and why homemade rations so often go wrong.<\/p>\n<div class=\"arten\"><span class=\"an\" style=\"display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:#f7fbf2;border:1px solid #55883b;border-radius:99px;padding:8px 17px 8px 13px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#3d6129;line-height:1\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><path d=\"M10 5.5 6.5 3v4.5C5 9 4.5 11 4.5 13c0 4 3 7 7.5 7s7.5-3 7.5-7c0-2-.5-4-2-5.5V3L14 5.5z\"\/><circle cx=\"9.7\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\".9\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"14.3\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\".9\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><path d=\"M12 15v1.5\"\/><\/svg>Dog<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/tiergesundheit\/ernaehrungsgrundlagen-katze\/\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><path d=\"M5 9 4 4l4 2.5h8L20 4l-1 5c1 1.3 1.5 3 1.5 4.5 0 4-3.5 6.5-8.5 6.5S3.5 17.5 3.5 13.5C3.5 12 4 10.3 5 9z\"\/><circle cx=\"9.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\".9\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"14.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\".9\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><path d=\"M12 15v1M9 16h-3M15 16h3\"\/><\/svg>Cat<\/a><span class=\"notiz\">For cats, completely different rules apply.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vet\"><span class=\"ik\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"><path d=\"M12 3l8 4v5c0 5-3.5 8-8 9-4.5-1-8-4-8-9V7z\"\/><path d=\"M12 9v5M9.5 11.5h5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>Before you add anything extra to their food<\/h3>\n<p>For puppies, pregnant bitches, senior dogs, and any dog with a medical condition, the feeding plan should be in professional hands \u2013 ideally with a veterinarian specializing in nutritional counseling. An incorrectly calculated ration often only becomes apparent after damage has occurred, and this damage is irreversible in a growing dog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kurz\"><b>In short<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"kt\">Three things are crucial: a complete feed that bears this name on the label, the correct amount \u2013 determined by checking the rib cage, not the packaging instructions \u2013 and patience with every change in diet. Home-cooked rations are possible, but studies show they are overwhelmingly unbalanced if no one calculates the nutritional content.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<h2><span>The starting point<\/span>Why the dog is no longer a wolf<\/h2>\n<p class=\"satz\">Domestication has taught the dog to digest starch - this is genetically verifiable.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, a Swedish research group led by Erik Axelsson compared the genomes of wolves and dogs and found one of the most significant differences in the digestive system: dogs carry many more copies of the gene. <em>AMY2B<\/em>, which codes for amylase \u2013 the enzyme that breaks down starch. Wolves usually have two copies, many dog breeds significantly more.<\/p>\n<p>This isn&#039;t a minor detail, but rather the explanation for why dogs have been able to live off human remains for millennia. They have become carnivores adapted to a mixed diet \u2013 unlike cats, which haven&#039;t followed this path.<\/p>\n<p>In practical terms, this means: A dog doesn&#039;t need pure meat, and grain isn&#039;t poison for him. What he needs is a diet in which protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins are in a balanced ratio \u2013 and this balance is precisely where things usually go wrong in practice.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>The label<\/span>Complete feed or supplementary feed - the most important difference<\/h2>\n<p>Each package bears one of two words, and the difference between them is greater than that between most brands. <strong>Complete feed<\/strong> According to the label, it covers all nutritional needs \u2013 it can be fed as the sole food source. <strong>Supplementary feed<\/strong> It does not explicitly do that; it is intended as part of a ration.<\/p>\n<p>Many pure meat cans and most wet food toppings are supplementary feeds. Feeding them as a main meal for months results in a diet with deficiencies \u2013 typically in calcium, iodine, zinc, copper, and vitamin D. This information is on the packaging, but in small print.<\/p>\n<p>The ingredient list is also helpful, if you know how to interpret it. &quot;Meat and animal by-products (min. 4% chicken)&quot; means the rest of the meat is something else. A clear declaration lists the ingredients individually with their percentages \u2013 that&#039;s a good sign, regardless of the price.<\/p>\n<p>In Europe, the recommendations of the industry association FEDIAF serve as a guideline for nutrient content, while in the USA, the AAFCO profiles are used. Reputable manufacturers cite one of these references.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>raw feeding<\/span>BARF - the pros and cons and what goes wrong<\/h2>\n<p>Raw feeding has good arguments: full control over the ingredients, no highly processed components, and often very good palatability. However, it has two problems that repeatedly emerge in studies.<\/p>\n<p>The first point is the overall picture. A widely cited analysis by Stockman and colleagues examined two hundred homemade dog food recipes \u2013 the vast majority contained at least one nutrient outside the recommended guidelines, many several. Calcium, zinc, copper, vitamin D, and choline were the most frequently deficient. Recipes from books and the internet fared no better than those invented from scratch.<\/p>\n<p>The second issue is hygiene. Raw meat regularly carries salmonella, campylobacter, and listeria; European studies have also found antibiotic-resistant bacteria in raw food samples. This affects not only the dog but also the household\u2014especially where small children, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals live.<\/p>\n<p>Both problems are solvable: a properly calculated ration from a nutritional consultant, clean kitchen management, separate cutting boards, and no thawing at room temperature. Those who are unwilling or unable to do this are demonstrably better off with a good complete food than with a half-hearted BARF diet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wz\"><b>Bone:<\/b> Cooked bones splinter and are a common sight in emergency rooms \u2013 they should never be put in a pet&#039;s food bowl. Raw, meaty bones are less dangerous, but can break teeth and, if consumed in large quantities, can lead to hard, pale stools and constipation.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>The amount<\/span>A rib check beats any packaging information.<\/h2>\n<p>The feeding recommendation on the packaging is an average for an average dog with a moderate activity level. Your dog is rarely like that. A more reliable measure is the Body Condition Score, and you can calculate that yourself \u2013 it only takes your hands.<\/p>\n<p>Run your flat hand over your ribcage: You should be able to feel your ribs without pressure, but they shouldn&#039;t protrude. Viewed from above, you should be able to see a waistline behind your rib cage. From the side, your abdomen should rise towards the back. If you have to press to find your ribs, you&#039;re pressing too hard.<\/p>\n<p>This is not cosmetic. Obesity in dogs is linked to arthritis, diabetes, respiratory problems and a shorter lifespan - in a well-known long-term study on Labradors, the animals kept lean lived on average almost two years longer than their siblings of the same age who were moderately overfed.<\/p>\n<p>And treats count too. As a rule of thumb, they should make up no more than ten percent of the daily ration; during training, it&#039;s best to simply subtract the amount from the regular food.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>Practice<\/span>Six things that make a difference in everyday life<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Point<\/th>\n<th>Why<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transition takes 7\u201310 days<\/td>\n<td>Mix gradually, otherwise you&#039;ll get diarrhea. Gut flora needs time, not taste.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fixed times<\/td>\n<td>Two meals a day are common for adult dogs; puppies need more, smaller meals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rest after eating<\/td>\n<td>In large, deep-chested breeds, gastric torsion is life-threatening. No roughhousing for one hour.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water always available<\/td>\n<td>Especially with dry food. Several bowls, fresh daily.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Count treats<\/td>\n<td>At most ten percent of the daily amount - otherwise every calculation will be wrong.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nothing off the table<\/td>\n<td>Not out of strictness, but because onions, chocolate and xylitol are found in normal food.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>Related to the topic<\/span>Two ways - and one of them costs nothing<\/h2>\n<div class=\"eh-empf\">\n<div class=\"ek\">\n<h3>Two ways - and one of them costs nothing<\/h3>\n<p>Here&#039;s what you can buy from this article, if you wish. In this order.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"es\">\n<div class=\"sp\">\n<div class=\"kz\"><span class=\"nr\">I<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>From the kitchen<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"erkl\">Small additions are not a substitute for a balanced diet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"it\">\n<div class=\"mi\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/eh-kraeuter-kurkuma.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"n\"><a href=\"\/en\/product\/kurkuma-gemahlen\/\">ground turmeric<\/a><span>A pinch of oil, if any.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"pill pb\"><i><\/i>follows<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"it\">\n<div class=\"mi\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/eh-kraeuter-ingwer.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"n\"><a href=\"\/en\/product\/ingwer-gemahlen\/\">ground ginger<\/a><span>Economical, suitable for sensitive stomachs<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"pill pb\"><i><\/i>follows<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sp\">\n<div class=\"kz\"><span class=\"nr\">II<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>As a supplement<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"erkl\">Useful alongside a complete feed, not instead of one.<\/p>\n<div class=\"it\">\n<div class=\"mi\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eh-produkt-lachsoel-fuer-hunde-katzen.webp\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"n\"><a href=\"\/en\/product\/lachsoel-fuer-hunde-katzen\/\">Salmon oil for dogs &amp; cats<\/a><span>Omega-3 for skin, coat and joints<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"pill pb\"><i><\/i>follows<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"it\">\n<div class=\"mi\"><span class=\"flak\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 48 64\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#7a6520\" stroke-width=\"2\"><rect x=\"14\" y=\"2\" width=\"20\" height=\"9\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M12 11h24l4 12v35a3 3 0 0 1-3 3H11a3 3 0 0 1-3-3V23z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"n\"><a href=\"\/en\/product\/bierhefe-flocken-fuer-hunde\/\">Brewer&#039;s yeast for dogs<\/a><span>B vitamins and zinc \u00b7 for dogs only<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"pill pb\"><i><\/i>follows<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"frei\"><span class=\"ik\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"26\" height=\"26\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<h4>III \u00b7 What brings more than any addition<\/h4>\n<p>The right amount. A dog of the right weight lives longer, moves better, and needs less of everything sold here \u2013 this has been proven in long-term studies, and it doesn&#039;t cost a cent, just the willingness to use a slightly smaller portion. Place your hands on its chest once a week; that&#039;s all the monitoring you need.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"eh-werbe\"><b>Advertising:<\/b> The product links lead to partner shops. We receive a commission on any purchases made through these links, but the price remains the same for you. Images are for illustrative purposes only \u2013 packaging may vary. Supplementary feed is not a substitute for veterinary treatment.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span>Sources<\/span>What this page is based on<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"q\">\n<li>Axelsson E. et al.: The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. Nature 2013.<\/li>\n<li>Stockman J. et al.: Evaluation of recipes of home-prepared maintenance diets for dogs. JAVMA 2013.<\/li>\n<li>van Bree FPJ et al.: Zoonotic bacteria and parasites found in raw meat-based diets for cats and dogs. Veterinary Record 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Kealy RD et al.: Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. JAVMA 2002.<\/li>\n<li>FEDIAF: Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs.<\/li>\n<li>Federal Association for Animal Health: Information on the labelling of complete and supplementary feedstuffs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"fuss\"><b>Important NOTE:<\/b> This information is for general guidance only and does not replace veterinary diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a veterinarian regarding dosages and application \u2013 especially in cases of pre-existing conditions, medication, and for cats. In an emergency, call an emergency veterinary clinic; do not read the information.<\/div>\n<\/div>",
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        "rendered": "<p>\u2190 Zur\u00fcck zur Tiergesundheit-\u00dcbersicht Tiergesundheit \u00b7 Ern\u00e4hrung Ern\u00e4hrungsgrundlagen f\u00fcr den Hund Der Hund ist kein Wolf im Wohnzimmer - die Domestikation hat auch seine Verdauung ver\u00e4ndert. Was er wirklich braucht, was auf dem Etikett stehen muss und warum selbst zusammengestellte Rationen so oft schieflaufen. HundKatzeBei der Katze gelten ganz andere Regeln. Bevor du irgendetwas zuf\u00fctterst<\/p>",
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